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Cucurbituril-based anion-conducting membranes with supramolecular nanopores 基在葫芦脲的超份子纳米孔阴离子传导膜 ▲ 择要： 研究者提出了一种经由过程构建匀称、动态的纳米孔来降服局限的超份子计谋。刚性年夜环份子葫芦脲与阳离子聚合物客体季铵化聚（哌啶—三联苯）共组装，形成稳健的纳米标准通道收集，同时加强了机械及化学不变性。 动态的主客体彼此作用使患上孔布局可以或许于皮秒及埃标准上发生颠簸。这类瞬态情况撑持了经由过程Grotthuss机制的、低磨擦的氢氧根迁徙，从而显著晋升了离子电导率。这一自下而上的设计原则为份子工程化传输路径提供了通用的新东西，有望于能源效率、运行不变性及高纯度产物出产等方面鞭策电化学反映器的成长。 ▲ Abstract： Here we establish a supramolecular strategy that overcomes these limitations by constructing uniform, dynamic nanopores. Co-assembly of the rigid macrocyclic host cucurbit[7]uril with the cationic polymer guest quaternized poly(piperidinium-terphenyl) yields a robust network of nanometre-scale channels while simultaneously enhancing mechanical and chemical stability. The dynamic host–guest interactions allow the pore structure to fluctuate on picosecond and angstrom scales. This transient environment supports low-friction hydroxide migration through a Grotthuss mechanism, producing a marked enhancement in ionic conductivity. This bottom-up design principle provides a versatile new tool for molecularly engineering transport pathways and promises to advance electrochemical reactors with respect to energy efficiency, operational stability and the production of high-purity products. A 5.3-million-year-old deep-sea whale necropolis in the Diamantina Zone 于迪亚曼蒂纳深渊发明的530万年汗青深海鲸类坟场 ▲ 择要： 研究者陈诉了于迪亚曼蒂纳深渊（水深4616至7001米）发明的一处巨型鲸类坟场，该坟场沿东南印度洋海底延长约1200千米。该区域拥有深挚且广布的聚集层，包罗5个现代自然鲸落群落及476个鲸类化石记载。 研究者发明，鲸类遗骸承载着以蛇尾类、食骨蠕虫及化能合成双壳类为主的专性群落，且该区域的化石记载同时包罗现生及已经灭尽的深潜喙鲸。同位素测年显示，该区域的鲸落事务至少可追溯至530万年前。 这些发明重塑了人们对于鲸落生态体系漫衍极限及生物地舆学的认知，并将部门深海海底确立为追溯地质汗青期间鲸类演化的化石档案库。 ▲ Abstract： Here we report the discovery of a vast whale necropolis in the Diamantina Zone (4,616- to 7,001-m depth), extending about 1,200?km along the sea floor of the southeastern Indian Ocean. This area has a deep and extensive accumulation comprising five modern natural whale-fall co妹妹unities and 476 fossil cetaceans recorded. We show that carcasses host specialized co妹妹unities dominated by brittle stars, bone-boring worms and chemosynthesis-based bivalves and that the fossil record in this area comprises both extant and extinct deep-diving beaked whales. Isotopic dating shows that whale falls in this region have occurred since at least 5.3?million years ago. These findings reshape the understanding of the limits and biogeography of whale-fall ecosystems and establish some deep sea floors as a fossil archive for tracing cetacean evolution over geological time. Demography and life histories across the Roman frontier in Germany 400–700 ce 公元400—700年德国罗马疆域沿线的人口统计与糊口史 ▲ 择要： 研究者展示了来自德国南部原罗马疆域地域的258个古代基因组，并将其与2500个古代基因组及379个现代基因组举行了结合阐发。群体遗传学阐发展现了一次重要的人口布局变化，该变化与公元五世纪末罗马国度布局的瓦解同步发生：一个具备北欧血统的奠定人群与遗传多样的罗马行省群体发生了混淆。 谱系重修以和用在揣度未采样支属先人的Filia要领注解，其时存于广泛的族际通婚，且文化分解极小。这类遗传布局连续了整个六世纪，到七世纪初期，混淆形成为了与现代中欧人相似的人群。使用计时码表法对于具备谱系联系关系的个别举行年月学邃密校准后，研究者估算出生避世代距离为28年，女性预期寿命为39.8岁，男性为43.3岁，婴儿灭亡率较高。 约四分之一的儿童于10岁前掉去至少一名怙恃，但大都人仍有祖辈陪伴发展。谱系数据进一步展现了一个以焦点家庭为中央的社会，实施终身一夫一妻制、严酷防止近亲通婚、矫捷的血统延续计谋，并没有“收继婚制”习俗。这些特性注解其与晚期罗马社会习俗具备持续性，并为今后欧洲家庭模式的形成奠基了基础。 ▲ Abstract： Here we present 258 ancient genomes from the former Roman frontier of southern Germany, which we analyse alongside 2,500 ancient and 379 modern genomes. Population genetic analyses reveal a major demographic shift coinciding with the late fifth century collapse of Roman state structures, when a founding population of northern European ancestry mixed with genetically diverse Roman provincial groups. Pedigree reconstruction and filia, a method for inferring the ancestry of unsampled relatives, indicate widespread intermarriage and minimal cultural differentiation. Genetic structure persisted through the sixth century, with admixture forming a population resembling modern Central Europeans by the early seventh century. Using Chronograph to refine the chronology of genealogically linked individuals, we estimate a generation time of 28 years, life expectancies of 39.8 years for women and 43.3 years for men, high infant mortality, and a society in which nearly one quarter of children lost at least one parent by age 10, yet most still grew up with grandparents. Pedigrees further reveal a society centred on nuclear families that practiced lifelong monogamy, strict incest avoidance, flexible lineage continuation and no levirate unions, indicating continuity with Late Roman social practices that later shaped the European family. Genetic architecture of sugarcane traits in a polyploid genomics framework 多倍体基因组学框架下的甘蔗性状遗传布局研究 ▲作者：Jungang Wang (王俊刚), Xiaofeng Li (李晓锋) et al. ▲ 链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10576-7 ▲ 择要： 研究者展示了一份彻底分型的POJ2878（基础栽培品种）基因组组装，该组装基在Pore-C测序算法的组装流程完成。组装解析了118条染色体，展现了广泛的亚基因组重组及非同源染色体重排。 经由过程同源身份阐发及等位基因特异性表达谱阐发，研究者辨认出了育种者偏好的单倍型，此中包括一个具备加强蔗糖含量的SUS2单倍型。对于981份甘蔗种质的重测序追溯了POJ2878对于现代品种的遍及孝敬，并鉴定了要害驯化与改进选择打扫区域。受选择的基因包括与耐寒性相干的CBL一、调控细胞巨细的TIP1以和节制分蘖的TB1。 针对于多倍体基因组定制的全联系关系阐发解析了与薄壁细胞巨细及蔗糖贮存能力相干的位点，此中包括颠末功效验证的蔗糖转运卵白Saccharum杂交SUT2。这些发明阐了然甘蔗生物量产量及糖产量暗地里的遗传布局，为加快甘蔗和其他对于全世界食粮及生物能源安全至关主要的多倍体作物的改进提供了基因组学基础。 ▲ Abstract： Here we present a fully phased genome assembly of the foundational cultivar POJ2878, achieved using a Pore-C-based assembly algorithm. This assembly resolved 118 chromosomes, revealing extensive subgenome recombination and non-homologous chromosomal rearrangements. Using identity-by-descent and allele-specific expression profiling, we identified breeder-favoured haplotypes, including a SUS2 haplotype with enhanced sucrose content. Resequencing of 981 Saccharum accessions traced POJ2878’s pervasive contribution to modern cultivars and identified key domestication and improvement sweeps. Genes under selection include CBL1 for cold tolerance, TIP1 for cell size regulation and TB1 for tillering control. A genome-wide association study tailored for polyploid genomes resolved loci associated with parenchyma cell size and sucrose storage capacity, including the functionally validated sucrose transporter Saccharum hybrid SUT2. These findings clarify the genetic architecture underlying sugarcane’s biomass productivity and sugar yield, offering a genomic foundation for accelerating improvement in sugarcane and other polyploid crops critical for global food and bioenergy security. Postprandial lipid metabolism durably enhances T cell i妹妹unity 餐后脂质代谢长期加强T细胞免疫 ▲作者：Alok Kumar, Dayana B. Rivadeneira et al. ▲ 链接： https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10432-8 ▲ 择要： 研究者发明个别的短时间养分状况对于T细胞免疫具备显著影响。来自进食状况的人或者小鼠T细胞，其代谢能力高在来自禁食状况的T细胞，且这类加强的代谢能力于体外或者体内激活及扩增后仍连续存于。血清中富含甘油三酯的乳糜微粒是餐后免疫代谢重编程的驱动因素；乳糜微粒于体外及激活后均能启动mTORC1依靠性翻译，从而显著加强T细胞启动后的效应功效。 来自统一供体、于餐后状况下制备的CAR-T细胞，相较在于禁食状况下收罗制备的T细胞显示出医治上风。是以，餐儿女谢付与T细胞长期的代谢及功效上风，凸显了于免疫学阐发、疫苗接种及细胞疗法制备中思量养分状况的主要性。 ▲ Abstract： Here we show that the short-term nutritional state of an individual has marked effects on T cell i妹妹unity. Human or murine T cells from fed hosts had higher metabolic capacity than those from fasted hosts, and this increase in capacity persisted after activation and expansion in vitro or in vivo. Triglyceride-rich chylomicrons in serum were drivers of postprandial i妹妹unometabolic reprogra妹妹ing, and chylomicrons primed mTORC1-dependent translation ex vivo and after activation, which markedly enhanced effector function after priming. Human postprandial CAR-T cells manufactured from the same donor showed a therapeutic advantage over T cells collected while individuals were fasted. Thus, postprandial metabolism imparts durable metabolic and functional advantages to T cells, highlighting the importance of considering nutritional status in i妹妹unological analysis, vaccination and generation of cellular therapies. Ecotypes of triple-negative breast cancer in response to chemotherapy 三阴性乳腺癌对于化疗反映的生态型 ▲ 择要： 研究者使用来自接管新辅助化疗的未经医治三阴性乳腺癌患者的医治前构造样本，对于101名患者的427857个细胞举行了单细胞转录组阐发，并对于44名患者举行了空间转录组阐发。 研究者按照癌细胞的基因表达将三阴性乳腺癌肿瘤分为4种患者级别亚型，并辨认出13个反应单细胞层面肿瘤内异质性的元步伐。三阴性乳腺癌肿瘤微情况包罗49种免疫及基质细胞状况，此中很多状况相对于在正常乳腺构造发生了重编程。此外，研究者按照癌细胞与肿瘤微情况细胞类型的共现性和其于构造中的空间构造，辨认出8种差别的细胞群落（生态型）。 与先前以T细胞为中央的研究差别，数据凸显了巨噬细胞亚型及癌细胞元步伐于滋扰素旌旗灯号传导、人类白细胞抗原表达和细胞周期活性中的主要性，这些因素与新辅助化疗的优良反映相干。整体而言，这项研究为未经医治的三阴性乳腺癌肿瘤的生物学特征和其与化疗反映的瓜葛提供了新看法。 ▲ Abstract： Here we leveraged pretreatment tissue samples from treatment-naive patients with TNBC who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy and performed single-cell transcriptomic analysis of 427,857 cells from 101 patients and spatial transcriptomic analysis of 44 patients. We classified TNBC tumours into 4 patient-level subtypes (archetypes) using the cancer-cell gene expression and identified 13 metaprograms that reflect intra-tumoural heterogeneity at the single-cell level. The TNBC tumour microenvironment consisted of 49 i妹妹une and stromal cell states, many of which were reprogra妹妹ed relative to normal breast tissues. Furthermore, we identified eight distinct cellular co妹妹unities (ecotypes) on the basis of the co-occurrences of cancer cells and tumour microenvironment cell types, and their spatial organization in tissues. In contrast to previous studies on T cells, our data show the importance of macrophage subtypes and cancer-cell metaprograms for interferon signalling, human leukocyte antigen expression and cell cycle activity that are associated with a good response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Collectively, this study provides new insights into the biology of untreated TNBC tumours and their association with chemotherapy response.
